A quick tip on how to execute multiple run commands in parallel.
Read more...About Me

My name is Steve. I am a Principal Engineer at Relativity and an Adjunct Professor of Software Engineering at DePaul University.
My primary area of responsibility at Relativity is the storage system behind RelativityOne, Relativity’s cloud-based software-as-a-service e-Discovery product. I have designed and implemented a number of components in both the structured (SQL) and unstructured (object / file) storage backends. Before Relativity, I worked in the financial industry for 15 years, primarily for the financal research firm Morningstar. I am a CFA charterholder, but I rarely use these skills professionally nowadays.
At DePaul, I teach two courses: SE 480: Software Architecture I and SE 457: Service-Oriented Architecture. I have been teaching at DePaul since 2017.
For more about my professional history, please visit my LinkedIn profile.
I have blogged on-and-off since 2004. Over the last 15+ years, I have published a number of blog post series and projects on this website. I also have a number of open source projects on GitHub.
Recent Blog Posts

This blog post explains how to use a custom C++ toolchain based on clang 12 with libc++-12 in Bazel on Ubuntu 20.04.
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Bazel supports scaling out builds with a remote execution system. Unfortunately, it is very easy for ruleset authors to release rules that work when executed locally but do not work when executed remotely. This blog post explains ruleset authors can set up a simple remote execution system to verify that their rulesets work correctly.
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In Bazel, stamping is the process of embedding additional information into built
binaries, such as the source control revision or other workspace-related information.
Rules that support stamping typically include an integer stamp
attribute, where
1
means “always stamp”, 0
means “never stamp”, and -1
means “use the Bazel
build --stamp
flag. This blog post explains how to write a rule that supports
these values.

Many Bazel attributes support the use of predefined variables
and functions such as @D
for output directory or
$(location //foo:bar)
to get the path to a label. But what
if you want to apply some sort of tranformation to these
variables, or define your own custom make variables? This
blog post explains how.

Bazel developers are currently working on adding the ability to
retrieve secrets using a credential-helper executable, similar
to how other tools like Docker and Git handle managing secrets.
Until then, the recommended approach is to store secrets in
~/.netrc
. This blog post explains how to write a custom Bazel
rule which reads secrets from ~/.netrc
.
In general, one should never check in binary artifacts into Git; it is better
to retrieve them from an artifact repository or a website using http_archive()
.
However, sometimes convenience is more important than ideological purity.
To handle these cases, I wrote a simple workspace rule named local_archive()
.

When writing Bazel tests using sh_test()
, I often find myself needing to compare
two collections for equivalence. For example, I might compare a directory listing
against a set of expected files or directories, or the list of files and directories
in a .tar
file against a set of expected items. This blog post provides some tips
and tricks as to how to do so.

Dealing with Bazel runfiles is one of the most annoying things about using Bazel. Fortunately, Bazel provides a library to make resolving runfiles from Bash scripts easy.
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sh_test
is my most commonly used test rule by far. It is the easiest way to
write quick-and-dirty tests and works nearly everywhere. For anything beyond
the most trivial tests, I use Bazel’s Bash unit test framework. This explains
what the framework is and how to use it.